凤凰论丨扎克伯格捐巨款透露的人间信仰（内有扎克伯格写给女儿的信全文，未删节版）

凤凰评论家：ifengopinion

与其惊叹扎克伯格的巨额捐赠，对吝啬的中国富豪揶揄讽刺，不如耐心再读读她写给女儿的信，体味充盈其中的责任感。“和所有的父母一样，我们希望你能够在一个比今天更好的世界里长大。

文丨 凤凰网评论部

12月1日，Facebook创办人扎克伯格的女儿Max诞生，他在社交网页上公布了一封写给女儿的信，宣布捐出自己99%脸书股份做慈善，目前市值约450亿美元。他成立了一个以自己及太太姓氏为名的基金会“Chan Zuckerberg”，旨在提倡平等及儿童权益，要为女儿打造一个更美好的世界。

450亿美元的捐款夺人眼球，但如果耐下心好好读一读扎克伯克写给女儿的长信，读到一些词句——“为了后代生活在一个更好的世界里，我们这一代还有更多的事情要做。”“我们爱你，为了你、为了所有的孩子，我们肩负巨大的责任为你们创造一个更好的世界”……会让人感受到一种力量，一种人间信仰的力量。想象一下，一个父亲面对襁褓中的新生婴儿，无论在什么国家、什么文化之下，他的言辞都该有种发自肺腑的真诚。

以真金白银的方式，袒露一颗赤子之心。扎克伯格的举动，感染打动了全世界很多人。遗憾的是，也有很多人习惯以阴谋论看待，称扎克伯格的慷慨，不过是为了逃税返税外加沽名钓誉。在美国继承巨额财富要缴纳相当比例的遗产税没错，但很多富豪对于遗产税，并不像局外人想象的那么抗拒。小布什上台后，曾准备推动逐步取消遗产税。可当时120名美国富豪联名反对，理由是取消遗产税会损害公益事业，扩大贫富之间的鸿沟。

总是以逃税来看待富豪们的慈善举动，显然是一种狭隘。执着于寻找别人做事目的或动机，却无视基本事实，只能产生偏见。纵然扎克伯格避了税、得了名，只要捐出来的钱，真的相当多数都投入了慈善，改善了很多弱势者的境遇，不就是人间大爱了吗？用挑剔到绝对无菌的标准，来苛求善举，其实是对善的扼杀。人的天堂只能建在人间，只能用人间的方式去建。

每当有国外富豪大手笔投入慈善的新闻，中国互联网上就会有习惯性对比，不少指责中国富豪的境界不堪。但看到富豪和富豪差距的同时，也要看到富豪背后文化和环境的差距。比如美国富豪慈善捐赠多，但美国中产阶级、普通人捐的也不少，甚至捐款占收入比更高。这种现象出现的重要原因，是他们的信仰和社会价值观。很多人愿意信奉各尽其力、互助互救，以促进社会走向美好；只有在这样的氛围中，才能理解“在巨富中死去是可耻的”这种富豪价值观。

这种价值观崇尚天堂，但在方法上还是立足人间。还在不断完善中的基金会制度，就是企业家精神在慈善领域发挥作用的最好例子。尽管也有批评，说基金会保障了富豪家族长久利益等，但总体而言，这种制度有效平衡了各方诉求，也让慈善更高效、更有持续的生命力。这也是很多富豪在很年轻时，就愿意承诺将钱捐出成立基金的重要原因。

我们要看到450亿美元的天文数字，更要看到这种立足人间的信仰。百余年来，中国历经的不仅是世事动乱，还有内心信仰的天堂地狱、起升跌落。在各种主义和理念之间疲于奔命，在最纯洁无私的信仰坍塌之后，最世俗功利的思维框架才容易建立。在这样的背景下，才能更好理解富豪的慈善为何总显得动机不纯，而普通人也习惯寻找善行背后的不堪动机，以反常为正常。而让人们的信仰正常化，依然道阻且长。

所以，艳羡扎克伯格的捐赠之前，先要想想怎样的世界才能培养出这样的富豪。与其惊叹扎克伯格的巨额捐赠，对吝啬的中国富豪揶揄讽刺，不如耐心再读读她写给女儿的信，体味充盈其中的责任感。“和所有的父母一样，我们希望你能够在一个比今天更好的世界里长大。”为了中国能变成“一个比今天更好的世界”，为了未来的中国能出现扎克伯格，每一个人都有道义上的责任，都有可努力的空间。当然，也包括中国富豪。

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扎克伯格写给女儿的信全文（英文原版＋中文翻译版）：

A letter to our daughter

Dear Max,

Your mother and I don't yet have the words to describe the hope you give us for the future. Your new life is full of promise, and we hope you will be happy and healthy so you can explore it fully. You've already given us a reason to reflect on the world we hope you live in.

Like all parents, we want you to grow up in a world better than ours today.

While headlines often focus on what's wrong, in many ways the world is getting better.

Health is improving. Poverty is shrinking. Knowledge is growing. People are connecting. Technological progress in every field means your life should be dramatically better than ours today.

We will do our part to make this happen, not only because we love you, but also because we have a moral responsibility to all children in the next generation.

We believe all lives have equal value, and that includes the many more people who will live in future generations than live today. Our society has an obligation to invest now to improve the lives of all those coming into this world, not just those already here.

But right now, we don't always collectively direct our resources at the biggest opportunities and problems your generation will face.

Consider disease. Today we spend about 50 times more as a society treating people who are sick than we invest in research so you won't get sick in the first place.

Medicine has only been a real science for less than 100 years, and we've already seen complete cures for some diseases and good progress for others. As technology accelerates, we have a real shot at preventing, curing or managing all or most of the rest in the next 100 years.

Today, most people die from five things -- heart disease, cancer, stroke, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases -- and we can make faster progress on these and other problems.

Once we recognize that your generation and your children's generation may not have to suffer from disease, we collectively have a responsibility to tilt our investments a bit more towards the future to make this reality. Your mother and I want to do our part.

Curing disease will take time. Over short periods of five or ten years, it may not seem like we're making much of a difference. But over the long term, seeds planted now will grow, and one day, you or your children will see what we can only imagine: a world without suffering from disease.

There are so many opportunities just like this. If society focuses more of its energy on these great challenges, we will leave your generation a much better world.

• • •

Our hopes for your generation focus on two ideas: advancing human potential and promoting equality.

Advancing human potential is about pushing the boundaries on how great a human life can be.

Can you learn and experience 100 times more than we do today?

Can our generation cure disease so you live much longer and healthier lives?

Can we connect the world so you have access to every idea, person and opportunity?

Can we harness more clean energy so you can invent things we can't conceive of today while protecting the environment?

Can we cultivate entrepreneurship so you can build any business and solve any challenge to grow peace and prosperity?

Promoting equality is about making sure everyone has access to these opportunities -- regardless of the nation, families or circumstances they are born into.

Our society must do this not only for justice or charity, but for the greatness of human progress.

Today we are robbed of the potential so many have to offer. The only way to achieve our full potential is to channel the talents, ideas and contributions of every person in the world.

Can our generation eliminate poverty and hunger?

Can we provide everyone with basic healthcare?

Can we build inclusive and welcoming communities?

Can we nurture peaceful and understanding relationships between people of all nations?

Can we truly empower everyone -- women, children, underrepresented minorities, immigrants and the unconnected?

If our generation makes the right investments, the answer to each of these questions can be yes -- and hopefully within your lifetime.

• • •

This mission -- advancing human potential and promoting equality -- will require a new approach for all working towards these goals.

We must make long term investments over 25, 50 or even 100 years. The greatest challenges require very long time horizons and cannot be solved by short term thinking.

We must engage directly with the people we serve. We can't empower people if we don't understand the needs and desires of their communities.

We must build technology to make change. Many institutions invest money in these challenges, but most progress comes from productivity gains through innovation.

We must participate in policy and advocacy to shape debates. Many institutions are unwilling to do this, but progress must be supported by movements to be sustainable.

We must back the strongest and most independent leaders in each field. Partnering with experts is more effective for the mission than trying to lead efforts ourselves.

We must take risks today to learn lessons for tomorrow. We're early in our learning and many things we try won't work, but we'll listen and learn and keep improving.

• • •

Our experience with personalized learning, internet access, and community education and health has shaped our philosophy.

Our generation grew up in classrooms where we all learned the same things at the same pace regardless of our interests or needs.

Your generation will set goals for what you want to become -- like an engineer, health worker, writer or community leader. You'll have technology that understands how you learn best and where you need to focus. You'll advance quickly in subjects that interest you most, and get as much help as you need in your most challenging areas. You'll explore topics that aren't even offered in schools today. Your teachers will also have better tools and data to help you achieve your goals.

Even better, students around the world will be able to use personalized learning tools over the internet, even if they don't live near good schools. Of course it will take more than technology to give everyone a fair start in life, but personalized learning can be one scalable way to give all children a better education and more equal opportunity.

We're starting to build this technology now, and the results are already promising. Not only do students perform better on tests, but they gain the skills and confidence to learn anything they want. And this journey is just beginning. The technology and teaching will rapidly improve every year you're in school.

Your mother and I have both taught students and we've seen what it takes to make this work. It will take working with the strongest leaders in education to help schools around the world adopt personalized learning. It will take engaging with communities, which is why we're starting in our San Francisco Bay Area community. It will take building new technology and trying new ideas. And it will take making mistakes and learning many lessons before achieving these goals.

But once we understand the world we can create for your generation, we have a responsibility as a society to focus our investments on the future to make this reality.

Together, we can do this. And when we do, personalized learning will not only help students in good schools, it will help provide more equal opportunity to anyone with an internet connection.

• • •

Many of the greatest opportunities for your generation will come from giving everyone access to the internet.

People often think of the internet as just for entertainment or communication. But for the majority of people in the world, the internet can be a lifeline.

It provides education if you don't live near a good school. It provides health information on how to avoid diseases or raise healthy children if you don't live near a doctor. It provides financial services if you don't live near a bank. It provides access to jobs and opportunities if you don't live in a good economy.

The internet is so important that for every 10 people who gain internet access, about one person is lifted out of poverty and about one new job is created.

Yet still more than half of the world's population -- more than 4 billion people -- don't have access to the internet.

If our generation connects them, we can lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. We can also help hundreds of millions of children get an education and save millions of lives by helping people avoid disease.

This is another long term effort that can be advanced by technology and partnership. It will take inventing new technology to make the internet more affordable and bring access to unconnected areas. It will take partnering with governments, non-profits and companies. It will take engaging with communities to understand what they need. Good people will have different views on the best path forward, and we will try many efforts before we succeed.

But together we can succeed and create a more equal world.

• • •

Technology can't solve problems by itself. Building a better world starts with building strong and healthy communities.

Children have the best opportunities when they can learn. And they learn best when they're healthy.

Health starts early -- with loving family, good nutrition and a safe, stable environment.

Children who face traumatic experiences early in life often develop less healthy minds and bodies. Studies show physical changes in brain development leading to lower cognitive ability.

Your mother is a doctor and educator, and she has seen this firsthand.

If you have an unhealthy childhood, it's difficult to reach your full potential.

If you have to wonder whether you'll have food or rent, or worry about abuse or crime, then it's difficult to reach your full potential.

If you fear you'll go to prison rather than college because of the color of your skin, or that your family will be deported because of your legal status, or that you may be a victim of violence because of your religion, sexual orientation or gender identity, then it's difficult to reach your full potential.

We need institutions that understand these issues are all connected. That's the philosophy of the new type of school your mother is building.

By partnering with schools, health centers, parent groups and local governments, and by ensuring all children are well fed and cared for starting young, we can start to treat these inequities as connected. Only then can we collectively start to give everyone an equal opportunity.

It will take many years to fully develop this model. But it's another example of how advancing human potential and promoting equality are tightly linked. If we want either, we must first build inclusive and healthy communities.

• • •

For your generation to live in a better world, there is so much more our generation can do.

Today your mother and I are committing to spend our lives doing our small part to help solve these challenges. I will continue to serve as Facebook's CEO for many, many years to come, but these issues are too important to wait until you or we are older to begin this work. By starting at a young age, we hope to see compounding benefits throughout our lives.

As you begin the next generation of the Chan Zuckerberg family, we also begin the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to join people across the world to advance human potential and promote equality for all children in the next generation. Our initial areas of focus will be personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people and building strong communities.

We will give 99% of our Facebook shares -- currently about $45 billion -- during our lives to advance this mission. We know this is a small contribution compared to all the resources and talents of those already working on these issues. But we want to do what we can, working alongside many others.

We'll share more details in the coming months once we settle into our new family rhythm and return from our maternity and paternity leaves. We understand you'll have many questions about why and how we're doing this.

As we become parents and enter this next chapter of our lives, we want to share our deep appreciation for everyone who makes this possible.

We can do this work only because we have a strong global community behind us. Building Facebook has created resources to improve the world for the next generation. Every member of the Facebook community is playing a part in this work.

We can make progress towards these opportunities only by standing on the shoulders of experts -- our mentors, partners and many incredible people whose contributions built these fields.

And we can only focus on serving this community and this mission because we are surrounded by loving family, supportive friends and amazing colleagues. We hope you will have such deep and inspiring relationships in your life too.

Max, we love you and feel a great responsibility to leave the world a better place for you and all children. We wish you a life filled with the same love, hope and joy you give us. We can't wait to see what you bring to this world.

Love,

Mom and Dad

一封致女儿的信

亲爱的麦柯斯，

我和你的母亲对于你的诞生所带来的对未来的希望难以言表。你的新生活充满了希望，我们祝愿你可以健康、快乐，这样你就可以充分探索。你已经给了我们充分的理由仔细考虑我们希望你住在怎样的世界。

像所有的父母一样，我们想要你在一个比我们现下更美好的世界里成长。

虽然新闻头条总是关注着哪里出了问题，但从很多方面看，我们的世界正在变得更好。

卫生水平在提升、贫困人口在减少、知识在累积、人与人彼此联通，各领域的技术也在发展，这都意味着，你的人生应该比如今我们的生活更加显著地美好。

我们会尽我们所能让这一切发生，不仅仅是因为我们爱你，更因为我们对于下一代的所有孩子都有一种道德责任感。

我们相信人人生而平等，对未来几代人来说也一样。我们的社会有责任现在就为了那些即将来到这个世上的生命投资，使他们的生活更加美好。

但是我们面临的现状是我们不把现有的资源投资到下一代会面临的最大机遇和挑战。比如治疗疾病，我们现在花费在治疗病人上的费用是用于研究开发不使下一代致病的费用的50倍。药学作为一门真正的科学仅仅发展了不到100年，

然而我们已经见证了许多疾病的治愈，以及在治疗其他疾病上的可喜进步。随着科技的加速发展，我们有望在未来的100年间预防、治疗和处理所有或是大部分剩下的疾病。

今天，许多人们的五大死因包括心脏病、癌症、中风、神经退行性疾病和传染病，我们需要在这些问题上加紧步伐。

当我们意识到你们这一代和你的子女一代有可能不用再受到这些疾病的困扰，我们都有责任将我们的投资略微倾向于未来。我和你的母亲就想要做这样的事情。

治疗疾病需要时间。五年或十年的短时间内，我们所做的可能难见成效。但是在更长远的未来，现在播下的种子会成长起来，终有一天，你和你的孩子会看见我们只能想象的世界：一个没有疾病的世界。

像这样的机会还有很多。如果一个社会把更多的力量集中在这样重大的挑战上时，我们能为下一代创造一个更好的世界。

我们希望我们的下一代能够关注两个观念：发掘人类潜力和促进人类平等。

发掘人类潜力关乎不断拓展人类更好生活的边界。

你们这一代是否能否学习和体验超越我们现有的百倍呢？

我们这一代能否治愈疾病，让你们活得更长寿也更健康呢？

我们这一代能否连接整个世界，让你们更够接触到每一个想法、每一个人和每一个机会呢？

我们这一代能否使用更多的清洁能源，让你们在保护环境的同时发明今天无法想象的东西呢？

我们这一代能否培养出企业家精神，让你们能够发展企业和迎接挑战以促进和平和繁荣呢？

促进平等就是不论他们出生在何种国家、何种家庭和何种境遇，保证每一个人都有可能接触到机会。我们的社会必须实现平等，这不仅仅是为了正义或是慈善，而更是为了伟大的人类进步。

今天仍有许多人被剥夺发展潜能的机会。要充分发展个人的潜能，唯一的办法就是引导人才和创意的流动，让世界每一个人都贡献自己的价值。

我们这一代能否消除贫困和饥饿？

我们这一代能否为每一个人提供基本的医疗保障？

我们这一代能否建造包容、友善的共同体？

我们这一代能否培养各个国家的人们之间和平和相互理解的关系？

我们这一代能否真正给予每一个人力量——女人、儿童、未被充分代表的少数族群、移民和那些边缘人？

如果我们这一代能够做出正确的投资，以上每一个问题都会迎刃而解——而且很有可能是在你我的有生之年。

这个使命：发掘人类潜力和促进人类平等需要一个新的方法来使所有人都向这个目标努力前进。

我们必须做出超过25、50甚至100年的长远投资。巨大的挑战往往需要很长的时间，很难用短期思维解决。

我们必须和那些我们为之服务的人们直接接触，我们只有在了解他们的需求和欲望的时候才能够真正给予他们力量。

我们必须发展能够做出改变的科技。许多机构在这些挑战上投资了钱，但是很多进步源自于创新带来的巨大产能。

我们必须参与到那些关于政策和主张的辩论当中。很多机构不愿意这样做，但是进步只有在不断的辩论中才能变得稳定可靠。

我们必须支持每一个领域当中独立且强有力的领导者。与各个领域的专家合作相比于自己努力更为有效。

我们必须承担今天的风险，为更美好的明天吸取经验和教训。我们笨鸟先飞，虽则遇挫，也要继续前行。

我们个性化学习、使用互联网和社区教学和健康的经历塑造了属于我们的哲学。

我们这一代成长于不能因材施教的课堂教育，以同样的速度教同样的内容，忽视了我们的兴趣和需要。

你们这一代可以为自己想要成为的人设定目标，像是工程师、医疗工作者、作家或是社区领袖等。你们可以用技术来获得怎么学习才是最好的以及哪些方面是要重点学习的。你们可以在你们最感兴趣的领域进步的很快，也可以在你们觉得最困难的领域获得尽可能多的帮助。你会探索到今天的学校没有教的课题。你们的老师也会提供更好的工具和数据来帮助你实现你的目标。

更棒的是，即使没有住在一个好学校的旁边，全世界的学生仍然可以在互联网上运用个性化的工具。当然，除了技术之外，我们也可以通过其他手段给每一个人公平的起跑线，但是个性化学习确实给了所有孩子一个可行的方法来实现更好的教育和更公平的机会。

我们正在开始开发这样的技术，结果也充满着希望。学生不仅在考试中获得了更好的成绩，他们还有了足够的技巧和信心来学习任何他们想要学习的知识。这趟旅程才刚刚开始。技术和教学在你在校的每一年都会有所进步。

我和你的母亲都教过学生，我们都见证了技术所带来的变化。这项技术会与教育界的领袖人物合作，这会使全球所有的学校都采用个性化教育的方式。这项技术会参与到社区教育当中，这也正是我们开始了旧金山港湾区（San Francisco Bay Area）的社区项目的原因。这项技术会开发新的技术并尝试新的想法。同时它也会犯错，从中吸取教训，并达到最终的目标。

但是一旦我们意识到我们可以为你们这一代创造这样的世界，我们社会就有责任把我们的投资聚焦于未来，使之成为现实。

我们会一起完成这项技术。当我们做这项技术的时候，个性化学习不仅会帮助那些在好学校当中的学生，也会帮助为任何一个能上互联网的人提供更平等的机会。

你们这一代的很多机会都会来自于互联网。人们常常认为互联网只是为了娱乐和交流，但是对于世界上的大多数人们来说，互联网是一条救生索。

当你周边没有好学校的时候，互联网为你提供了教育；当你周边没有医生的时候，互联网为你提供了如何预防疾病、抚养健康的孩子的讯息；当你周边没有银行的时候，互联网为你提供了金融服务；当你的经济状况不佳的时候，互联网为你提供了工作和机会。

互联网实在是太重要了，每十个能上互联网的人当中，就有一个人脱贫，就有一个新的工作产生。

但是世界上仍然有超多半数的人，也就是40亿多的人不能上网。

如果我们这一代使得他们能够上网，我们就可以帮助数以百万计的人们脱离贫困。我们也可以帮助数以百万计的孩子获得教育，帮助数以百万计的人们远离疾病。

技术和合作可以带来另一个长远的成就。它能够帮助新技术的发明，从而使得互联网的成本更低，并连接到偏远地区。它能够与政府、NGO和公司合作。它能够参与到社区当中，了解他们的需要。在我们成功之前，不同的人对于未来更好的发展有不同的见解，我们会为此做出更多的努力。

我们可以一起走向成功并创造一个更加公平的世界。

技术不能自己解决问题。创造更好的世界需要从创造强有力和健康的社区开始。

当孩子们学习的时候，意味着他们有着最好的机会。当他们健康的时候，他们学得最好。

健康是一件着手很早的事情，有爱的家庭、良好的营养和安全、稳定的环境对于孩子的健康来说都很重要。

早年受到过创伤的孩子通常无法得到心智和身体的良好发育。研究表明大脑发育的改变导致他们的认知能力下降。

你的母亲是一个医生和教育家，所以她及早意识到了这一点。

如果你的童年不是很健康，那么你很难发挥出你所有的潜能。

如果你必须要担心食物和房子，或是担心虐待和犯罪，那么你很难发挥出你所有的潜能。

如果因为自己的肤色，你担心自己相比考上大学更容易锒铛入狱；或者因为你的不合法的法律地位，你担心你的家庭会被驱逐出境；又或者因为你的宗教、性取向或者性别身份，你担心你会面临暴力，那么你很难发挥出你所有的潜能。

我们需要让整个社会体系认识到这些问题之间是相互联系的。这就是你母亲所构建的新学派的观点。

通过与学校、健康中心、父母联合会和当地政府的联系，通过保证所有孩子从小就被好好喂养和照顾，我们开始把这些不平等现象联系起来。只有这样，我们才能开始一起给每一个人平等的机会。

实现这个目标还会花上很多年，但是这是另一个例子证明人类的潜力提升与促进公平之间是怎样紧密的联系在一起。我们想要实现任意一个目标，我们都要先创造强有力和健康的社区。

为了让你们这一代居住在一个更好的世界，我们这一代有太多需要做的事情。

今天我和你的母亲竭尽毕生，以自己的绵薄之力来帮助解决这些问题。我会在接下来的很多很多年里仍然担任Facebook的CEO，但是这些问题太过重要，时不我待。在现在这样一个年轻的年纪开始，我们希望在余生中可以见到所产生的好处。

鉴于你开启了陈-扎克伯格（Chan Zuckerberg） 家族的下一代，我们也要开始陈-扎克伯格倡议（Chan Zuckerberg Initiative）：为了下一代的孩子，参与全世界的人们一起发掘人类潜力和促进人类平等。我们倡议的领域会着重在个性化教育、治疗疾病、连接人们和创建强有力的社区。

我们会在接下来的人生中捐出Facbook99%的股份（现市值450亿美元，约2879亿人民币）来完成我们的使命。我们知道相对于其他已经投入到这些问题上的所有资源和才智来说，我们所尽的只是绵薄之力。但我们希望以我们所能，与他们共同努力。

在接下来的数月中，当我们适应了新家庭的生活节奏，并从产假中恢复过来后，我们会分享更多的细节。我们非常理解你们对于我们为什么以及如何做有很多的提问。

因为我们已为人父母，开启了人生的新篇章，我们想要对使得人类进步和人类平等成为可能的所有人致以崇高的敬意。

我们之所以能做这样的工作只是因为在我们身后有一个强大的全球社区。创建Facebook为下一代创造了能使世界更美好的资源。Facebook社区中的每一个人都在这个工作中尽了一份力。

站在为之奉献的专家—我们的导师、伙伴和很多难以置信的人们的肩膀上，我们才得以实现这样的进步。

同时，因为身边有爱的家庭、支持的朋友和很棒的同事，我们才维护好了这样一个社区并完成这样一个使命。我们希望你们也能在各自的生活中有这样深厚而美好的感情。

麦柯斯，我们爱你。我们体会到了巨大的责任感，要使你和所有的孩子所居住的世界变成一个更好的地方。你给予了我们爱、希望和喜悦，我们希望你的生活也能充满相同的爱、希望和喜悦。我们迫不及待地想要看到你给这个世界所带来的美好。

爱你的，

　　 爸爸妈妈

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